A Guide to the Different Technology Sectors (Updated 2025)

Understanding the distinctions between technology sectors is crucial as digital technologies evolve and industries become increasingly specialised. These industries often combine technology with a specific domain, such as Fintech (Financial Technology), Medtech (Medical Technology), Cleantech (Clean Technology), and Contech (Construction Technology).

Each sector has its own unique challenges and opportunities, making it important for businesses and investors to stay informed on the latest trends and innovations within each sector. By understanding the nuances of each technology sector, you can make more informed decisions on where to invest time, resources, and capital.

Do you know your Medtech from your Biotech? Or your Cleantech from your Agritech? Here is a guide to the different types of technology sectors, roles you'll typically find and the emerging technologies they utilise:

What does Fintech mean?

Fintech is probably one of the most recognised terms and refers to the technologies within banking and the implementation of technology into a financial services company's offerings. These companies aim to improve their use and delivery to consumers using this technology. Fintech encompasses a broad range of applications and innovations, including mobile banking, digital payments, and robo-advisors.

These are all a part of our daily lives and offer seamless financial interactions between consumers and businesses. One aspect of Fintech is the invention and use of cryptocurrency, which is a form of digital currency such as Bitcoin, while others cover insurance technology and wealth management platforms.

What's an example of a fintech company?

Some examples of Fintech companies in the UK include:

• Starling Bank, a digital bank that is a licensed and regulated alternative to traditional high-street banks. 
• SumUp, a company that offers payment solutions for businesses, including point-of-sale (POS) systems. 
• iCapital, a platform that offers alternative investment solutions for users such as hedge funds and private equity firms. 

What jobs are there in Fintech?

The Fintech sector offers a wide range of career opportunities that combine finance, technology, and innovation. Common Fintech jobs include:

• Software Developers: Build and maintain financial applications, mobile banking platforms, and payment systems.

• Data Analysts: Interpret complex financial data to support business decisions and improve customer insights.

• Product Managers: Oversee the development of new digital financial products and services.

• Cybersecurity Specialists: Protect user data and ensure secure online transactions.

• Compliance Officers: Ensure Fintech companies meet industry regulations and legal standards.

• UX/UI Designers: Create intuitive and user-friendly interfaces for apps and platforms.

• Blockchain Developers: Design and implement secure, decentralised financial solutions.

• Quantitative Analysts: Use mathematical models to assess risk and guide investment strategies.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Develop intelligent systems that automate tasks, detect fraud, and personalise financial services.

As the Fintech industry expands, these roles continue to evolve, offering diverse opportunities for professionals skilled in technology, finance, and innovation.

How is AI used in fintech?

Artificial intelligence is reshaping the Fintech landscape by increasing efficiency, improving security, and enhancing the customer experience. Key applications of AI in Fintech include:

• Fraud Detection: Machine learning algorithms identify unusual transactions and prevent financial crime in real time.

• Customer Support: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants handle queries, provide account help, and offer 24/7 service.

• Credit Scoring: AI analyses alternative data sources to assess creditworthiness more accurately and fairly.

• Personalised Recommendations: Algorithms tailor financial products and services based on customer behaviour and preferences.

• Investment and Trading: Predictive AI models automate trading strategies and forecast market trends.

• Risk Management: AI systems evaluate and mitigate potential financial risks faster than traditional methods.

What is Medtech?

Medtech, or Medical Technology, refers to the application of technology to improve medical diagnostics, treatments, and overall patient care. It's important to note that this is separate from Healthtech, which in part focuses on consumer-facing solutions, like sleep monitoring apps, however the two can overlap significantly. Medtech spans many innovations, including medical devices, diagnostic tools, and biotechnology.

This includes equipment and software such as thermometers, inhalers, MRIs, and wheelchairs.

What is a Medtech company?

Some examples of Medtech companies in the UK include:

• OrganOx, a company that has developed a medical device to maintain human livers during transport and storage because they're used for transplants.
• Automata, a company that has created an online platform and robotic devices to automate lab processes. 
• CMR Surgical is a company that has developed surgical robotics that are used in procedures for areas such as gynaecology.  

What Medtech jobs are there?

Medtech jobs require a blend of technical, medical, and analytical skills, reflecting the highly specialised nature of the Medtech sector. Common jobs in Medtech include:

• Biomedical Engineers: Design and develop medical devices and equipment.

• Software Developers: Create software for medical devices, diagnostics, and patient management systems.

• Data Scientists: Analyse clinical and operational data to improve outcomes and optimise processes.

• Clinical Researchers: Test and validate new medical technologies and treatments.

• Regulatory Affairs Specialists: Ensure devices and technologies comply with health regulations and standards.

• Quality Assurance (QA) Engineers: Test medical devices and software to ensure safety and reliability.

• Product Managers: Oversee the development and lifecycle of medical technologies.

• Robotics Engineers: Design surgical robots and automation systems for labs and hospitals.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Develop intelligent systems for diagnostics, patient monitoring, and predictive healthcare.

How is AI used in medical technology?

AI is increasingly transforming Medtech by improving diagnostics, patient care, and operational efficiency. Key applications include:

• Medical Imaging Analysis: Algorithms can detect abnormalities in X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans faster and with high accuracy.

• Predictive Healthcare: Machine learning models analyse patient data to forecast disease progression and inform treatment plans.

• Robotics-Assisted Surgery: Surgical robots, guided by intelligent systems, enhance precision and reduce human error during procedures.

• Automated Lab Processes: Robotic systems streamline repetitive lab tasks, increasing speed and reducing errors in research.

• Patient Monitoring: Intelligent monitoring systems track vital signs in real time, alerting medical staff to potential complications.

• Drug Discovery and Development: Computational models identify promising compounds, helping accelerate the development of new treatments.
   

What's the difference between HealthTech and MedTech?

While Medtech is clinician and device-focused, Healthtech is more patient and service-orientated, though the two often overlap when technologies like AI and remote monitoring are applied across both sectors.

What is Healthtech?

Healthtech, or Healthcare Technology, is the technology that is used to improve the delivery, management, and overall quality of healthcare services. It involves a range of digital tools and platforms that aim to better patient care, streamline healthcare operations, and address issues such as accessibility and cost. Healthtech innovations include digital health apps, wearable devices (e.g. Fitbit smartwatches), and healthcare platforms.

What is a Healthtech company?

Some examples of Healthtech companies in the UK include:

• HealthHero, a service that connects patients to their GPs through online and video consultations.
• Thriva, a company that provides home-based blood tests, with results generated in 48 hours.
• Oviva, a company that provides support to diabetic patients by helping them to regulate their blood glucose and pressure. 

What are the typical jobs in Healthtech?

Common jobs in Healthtech include:

• Software Developers: Create apps, platforms, and tools for digital healthcare services.

• Data Analysts: Analyse patient and operational data to improve outcomes and efficiency.

• Product Managers: Oversee the development and rollout of digital health solutions.

• UX/UI Designers: Design user-friendly interfaces for healthcare apps and platforms.

• Clinical Researchers: Evaluate and validate new health technologies and interventions.

• Regulatory Affairs Specialists: Ensure Healthtech solutions comply with medical and legal standards.

• Cybersecurity Specialists: Protect sensitive health data from breaches and attacks.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Develop intelligent systems for diagnostics, monitoring, and personalised care.

What are the types of health technology?

Healthtech innovations are reshaping healthcare delivery, improving accessibility, and enhancing patient outcomes. Examples of how these technologies are applied include:

• Telemedicine Platforms: Video and online consultation tools connect patients with GPs and specialists remotely.

• Home Diagnostics: At-home blood tests and monitoring devices allow patients to track health metrics conveniently.

• Wearable Devices: Smartwatches and fitness trackers monitor vital signs, activity levels, and sleep patterns.

• Patient Support Apps: Digital tools help patients manage chronic conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension, by providing personalised guidance and tracking.

• Data Analytics Platforms: Insights from patient and operational data help healthcare providers make evidence-based decisions.

• Automation Tools: Online systems streamline administrative tasks, appointment booking, and patient records management.

What is Biotech?

Biotech is where biology meets technology. It's the application of biological systems, organisms, or processes to develop products and technologies that improve our quality of life and address health issues. Biological systems and living organisms are used to try and improve many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and bioengineering. More specifically, it is tech that is used to combat diseases, reduce our environmental footprint and use cleaner energy. 

What is a biotech company?

Some examples of Biotech companies in the UK include:

• CellCentric, a company that develops cancer therapeutics.
• AviadoBio, a company that creates gene therapy treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
• F2G, a company that creates treatments against fungal diseases. 

Jobs in Biotech

The biotechnology sector offers a wide range of roles that combine biology, technology, and research. Common jobs in Biotech include:

• Research Scientists: Conduct experiments and develop new therapies, vaccines, or bioengineered products.

• Bioinformatics Specialists: Analyse biological data to identify patterns, predict outcomes, and support drug discovery.

• Biomedical Engineers: Design and develop biotechnological tools and medical devices.

• Clinical Researchers: Oversee trials and validate the safety and effectiveness of new treatments.

• Regulatory Affairs Specialists: Ensure biotech products comply with legal and safety regulations.

• Lab Technicians: Support experiments, maintain equipment, and prepare biological samples.

• Quality Assurance (QA) Professionals: Monitor production processes to ensure safety and reliability.

• Product Managers: Manage the development and lifecycle of biotech products.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Build predictive models, automate processes, and assist in drug discovery.

How Technology and AI are used in Biotechnology?

Biotechnology companies are increasingly leveraging technology and AI to accelerate research and improve outcomes. Examples include:

• Drug Discovery: Machine learning models analyse biological data to identify potential new therapies faster than traditional methods.

• Genetic Research: Computational tools help map genes, understand mutations, and design gene therapies.

• Disease Prediction: AI models predict disease progression and patient responses, supporting personalised medicine.

• Laboratory Automation: Robotic systems and software streamline repetitive lab processes, increasing efficiency and reducing errors.

• Environmental and Industrial Applications: Technology helps optimise bioengineering processes for cleaner energy, sustainable agriculture, and environmental protection.

What is Cleantech?

Cleantech, also called Greentech, refers to how technology drives ecological innovation. It is where products, services, and technologies aim to reduce environmental impact through the sustainability and efficiency of natural resources. Areas of Cleantech include renewable energy, such as solar power and wind power, electric vehicles (EVs), and waste management, as well as energy efficiency and water purification.

What is a Cleantech company?

Some examples of Cleantech companies in the UK include:

• Utopi, an ESG technology for residential real estate using data and engagement to drive sustainable communities.
• ​​​​​​​Hydrologiq, a company that uses hydrogen as a diesel replacement for off-road machinery. 
• Pod Point, a company that offers electric vehicle (EV) chargers, giving electric vehicle drivers access to thousands of charging bays across the UK.

What is a typical role in Cleantech?

The Cleantech sector combines environmental innovation with technology, offering a range of roles for professionals passionate about sustainability. Common jobs in Cleantech include:

• Renewable Energy Engineers: Design and implement solar, wind, and other renewable energy systems.

• Environmental Scientists/Analysts: Study environmental data and help reduce ecological impact.

• Sustainability Consultants: Advise businesses and communities on sustainable practices and energy efficiency.

• Project Managers: Oversee Cleantech projects from planning to execution.

• Product Developers: Create innovative technologies such as EV chargers, energy-efficient appliances, or water purification systems.

• AI Specialists: Use data and AI to optimise energy use, track emissions, and improve sustainability initiatives.

• Policy and Compliance Specialists: Ensure Cleantech solutions meet environmental regulations and standards.

• Operations and Maintenance Technicians: Maintain renewable energy installations and other clean technology infrastructure.

What is an example of a clean technology?

Clean technology leverages innovation to reduce environmental impact and improve sustainability. Examples include:

• Renewable Energy Systems: Solar panels, wind turbines, and smart grids generate clean energy efficiently.

• Electric Vehicles (EVs): Charging infrastructure and battery management systems support the transition to low-carbon transportation.

• Waste Management Solutions: Technologies optimise recycling processes and reduce landfill waste.

• Energy Efficiency Tools: Smart meters, AI-driven building management systems, and sensors help reduce energy consumption.

• Water Purification and Conservation: Innovative filtration and monitoring technologies ensure clean and sustainable water use.

• Sustainable Community Platforms: Data-driven systems guide eco-friendly urban planning and residential energy use.

What is Legaltech?

Legaltech, or Lawtech, is the use of technology and software to provide legal services, better existing legal processes, and support those working in law. This covers tools and platforms that help lawyers manage legal tasks efficiently, which includes automating legal documents, providing legal research and utilising AI-powered contract analysis or e-discovery. 

What is a Legaltech company?

Some examples of Legaltech companies in the UK include:

• Farewill, an online platform specialising in will-writing, and making the process more simple for those wanting to write a will.
• Thirdfort, an AML platform that automates ID and document verification, anti-money laundering (AML) and Source of Funds (SoF) checks to allow law firms to save time. 
• Apperio, a budgeting software for teams working in private funds and law firms.

Examples of Legaltech jobs

The Legaltech sector combines law, technology, and innovation, offering roles for professionals who want to improve legal processes. Common jobs in Legaltech include:

• Software Developers: Build platforms and tools for document automation, case management, and legal research.

• Data Analysts: Analyse legal data to identify trends, risks, and insights.

• Product Managers: Oversee the development and lifecycle of Legaltech solutions.

• UX/UI Designers: Design user-friendly interfaces for legal software and platforms.

• Legal Researchers: Provide subject-matter expertise to guide the development of tools and software.

• Compliance Specialists: Ensure platforms meet regulatory and legal requirements.

• Project Managers: Coordinate technology projects within law firms or Legaltech companies.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Develop intelligent systems for contract analysis, e-discovery, and automated workflows.

How technology and AI are used in Legaltech

Legaltech companies use technology to make legal services faster, more accurate, and more accessible. Examples include:

• Document Automation: Software tools generate contracts, wills, and other legal documents efficiently, reducing manual work.

• Contract Analysis: Intelligent systems review and highlight key clauses, risks, and obligations in contracts.

• E-Discovery: Technology scans and organises large volumes of legal documents to support litigation or investigations.

• AML and Verification Checks: Platforms automate identity verification, anti-money laundering, and source-of-funds checks for law firms.

• Legal Research Tools: Online databases and AI-driven systems help lawyers find relevant case law and precedent quickly.

• Budgeting and Workflow Management: Platforms track legal spend, allocate resources, and optimise team productivity.

What is Agritech?

Agritech is the technology that is used to solve problems in agriculture, farming, and the production and distribution of food. It can encompass precision agriculture which uses data analytics to optimise farming, and automated machinery. More specifically, this sector provides solutions for environmental threats, the increasing limitation of resources, and waste issues.

What is an Agritech company?

Some examples of Agritech companies in the UK include:

• Fischer Farms, an agri-food company that grows a range of short-leaf products such as lettuce and is fully powered by renewable energy. 
  Hummingbird Technologies, a company providing services for on-demand aerial image capturing, image processing, and data analytics.
  Breedr, a provider of livestock farm management system, which enables the user to track livestock data collected through electronic tags.

What is a typical job in Agritech?

The Agritech (Agricultural Technology) sector combines agriculture, data, and engineering to make farming more sustainable and efficient. Common jobs in Agritech include:

• Agricultural Engineers: Design and develop farming equipment, irrigation systems, and renewable energy solutions.

• Data Scientists: Use data analytics to optimise crop yields, soil health, and resource management.

• Precision Agriculture Specialists: Apply sensors, drones, and data models to monitor crop and livestock health.

• Environmental Scientists: Research and implement sustainable farming practices.

• Robotics Engineers: Create autonomous machinery for planting, harvesting, and soil monitoring.

• Supply Chain Managers: Coordinate logistics, storage, and distribution of agricultural products.

• AI and Machine Learning Engineers: Develop systems that predict crop performance, manage irrigation, and detect disease early.

What technologies are used in Agritech?

Agritech innovations use advanced technology to solve challenges in food production, sustainability, and efficiency. Examples include:

• Precision Agriculture: Drones, sensors, and GPS-guided systems collect real-time data to improve crop yields and reduce waste.

• Automation and Robotics: Autonomous tractors, harvesters, and drones perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy.

• AI and Machine Learning: Predictive models forecast weather patterns, detect crop diseases, and recommend optimal planting schedules.

• IoT (Internet of Things): Connected devices monitor soil health, water levels, and livestock conditions in real time.

• Sustainable Farming Solutions: Vertical farming systems and renewable energy technologies reduce environmental impact.

• Blockchain and Supply Chain Tracking: Digital ledgers ensure transparency in the production and distribution of food.

From Fintech's impact on our finances to Cleantech's role in looking after our environment, these technology sectors are spearheading the progress of every industry. If you're looking for talent in one of these sectors, get in touch with the team today. If you're searching for your next role, check out our live jobs.